this function could be the way to treat autoimmune diseases
Example: In MS, activated T-cells (Th1, Th17) and B-cells cross the blood-brain barrier, attacking neurons and oligodendrocytes.
Anti-CD20: targets B cells
Anti-CD52: Depletes T and B cells
Anti-Integrin: Blocks entry into the brain
Anti-CD25: targets activated T cells
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Characterized by "butterfly rash" and systemic organ damage caused by autoantibodies. The process is driven by ==apoptotic== material activating dendritic cells (DCs), which then stimulate T and B cells.
Target Cytokines: Anti-IFN$\alpha/\beta$ and anti-TNF$\alpha$.
Target Co-stimulation: Anti-CD40L to block T-cell help.
B-cell survival: Anti-BAFF antibodies to reduce autoantibody production.
Could also, expand the active Tregs, to release anti-inflammatory cytokines
Example: mAbs are used to drive the immune system to attack tumors, counteracting the immunosupressive tumor microenvironment
In cancer: suppression of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, by reducing MHC expression, increasing inhibitory molecules ==PD-L1==, increasing suppressor cells like ==Tregs and M2 macrophages==
mAbs block inhibitory signals to ==restore T-cell cytotoxicity==:
Anti-PD-L1: block interaction between the tumor and the T cell
Anti-CTLA-4: block the inhibitory signalling during T cell activation