10.2 Neurodegeneration disease Parkinson's disease and Prion disease
Parkinson's disease¶
- Pd is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after AD
- symptoms include shaking, rigidity, slowness, and difficulty with walking.
- Primaru cause
- dopamine neurons death
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Main feature: Lewy bodies, composed of $\alpha-$ synuclein
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Two groups of PD patients:
- Body-first PD
- derived from enteric nervous system
- more systemetical
- Brain-first PD
- derived from brain directly
- derived from brain directly
- Body-first PD
Ascending pathological process¶
- The progress direction of brain in PD is from down to up
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Mitochodrial dysfunction is central to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease Treatment¶
- L-dopa
- Because loss of dopamine neurons--> decline in dopamine release --> PD
- So a kind of treatment is to deliver L-dopa (can cross BBB; can convert to dopamine)
- Deep brain stimulation(DBS)
- Using electrodes: stimulate neurons and axons in specific nuclei
- DBS is designed to compensate for the alteration of the basal ganglia circuit dynamics in PD
- Cell-replacement therapy
- Dopamine neurons: transplanted into the host stratum and release dopamine
Prion disease¶
-
called mad cow disease
- can cause animal's and human's disease
-
caused by propagation of protein-induced protein conformational change
